A dark discoloration around the mouth or lips  is a result of increased pigmentation of the skin (hyperpigmentation) which may arise for a number of reasons. This common cosmetic problem is characterized by the darkening of the skin around the mouth area, particularly at the corner of the lips,  as a result of the over activity of the melanocytes, which are the skin cells that are responsible for the production of melanin. Melanin is a natural pigment responsible for the color of our skin and provides protection against the sun. Discoloration around the mouth is more common in females and occurs more commonly in persons with a darker skin.

Melasma is a hyperpigmentation (dark skin discoloration) disorder that is characterized with dark brown symmetric patches on the surface of the skin, primarily affecting the face. Melanin is a brown pigment produced by melanocytes, the pigment producing cells of our skin. Based on racial and environmental differences, the melanin concentration differs from person to person although certain medical conditions, drugs and topical applications (creams, gels, ointments) can also change skin pigmentation.

Causes of Melasma

Hyperpigmentation is the increased melanin production causing a characteristic dark discoloration of the skin. The increased melanin (pigment) production is often an indication of hormone imbalances in the body and therefore melasma is commonly found in women who are pregnant or on hormone replacement therapy (HRT).